At the beginning of the 17th century, the events of the Time of Troubles brought incalculable disasters to the Russian state. But through the efforts of all the people, the country was able to adequately overcome all adversities. The new dynasty that came to power ruled the state with a firm hand. At the end of the century, thanks to Peter the Great, Russia was prepared to enter a new era.

1604 The beginning of the Time of Troubles. False Dmitry I, at the head of Polish detachments, crosses the border of the Russian state.

1605 False Dmitry I takes possession of Moscow and receives the royal crown.

1606 In May, a coup was carried out in Moscow. False Dmitry I was captured and executed. The royal throne is occupied by Vasily Shuisky.

1606-1607 The first peasant uprising in Russia under the leadership of I. Bolotnikov.

1607 In June, a new contender for the Russian throne appears - False Dmitry II, who is supported by Poles and Cossacks.

1609-1610 Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky defeats the army of False Dmitry II near Tver. In September, the Polish king, breaking the truce, besieges Smolensk. Troops of M. Skopin-Shuisky liberate Moscow from the Polish blockade. The boyars depose Vasily Shuisky and choose the son of the Polish king Vladislav as tsar. False Dmitry II was killed.

1611-1613. The People's Militia led by Prokopy Lyapunov, and then Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin expels the Poles.

1613 In February, at the Zemsky Sobor, Mikhail Romanov was elected and proclaimed tsar. The beginning of the Romanov dynasty.

In 1619, Filaret (boyar Fyodor Romanov), captured by the Poles, returned from captivity and was proclaimed Patriarch. Until his death (1633), he actually ruled the state in place of his sickly son.

1642-1653 Development of territories in the Far East near the Amur and Ussuri rivers by Yerofey Khabarovsk.

1645 Mikhail Romanov dies [July 2(12)]. The throne is inherited by his son Alexey, whose accession is confirmed at the Zemsky Sobor. In fact, the power in the country during the years of his youth belonged to Alexey's tutor, boyar B. Morozov.

1648 - The beginning of the struggle of Hetman B. Khmelnitsky against Poland, the defeat of the Polish army of N. Potocki by Cossack detachments of Khmelnitsky in the area of the Yellow Waters tract.

Explorer Semyon Dezhnev discovers the strait separating Asia from America.

In 1653, the Zemsky Sobor [October 1(11)], responding to the corresponding proposal of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, decided to reunite Left-bank Ukraine with Russia.

1654 In Pereyaslavl, Ukraine, on January 8 (18), the Rada (council) was held, which unanimously voted in favor of reunification with Russia.

The beginning of the Russo-Polish war, which lasted with some interruptions for almost 13 years. It ended with the conclusion of the Armistice of Andrusovo on January 13 (Z3), 1667. Poland retained Polotsk, Vitebsk and lands in Livonia. Smolensk, Chernihiv, and the entire left bank of the Dnieper River, with the exception of Kiev, were ceded to Russia.

1661 The Kardis Peace was concluded between Russia and Sweden, according to which the latter returned all the conquered territories in exchange for a commitment not to support Poland and not to attack "Little and White Russia".

1662 "Copper riot" in Moscow, caused by the replacement of silver coins with copper ones and a sharp drop in the value of money. The riot was brutally suppressed, killing about 7 thousand people.

1667 Attempt to organize military shipbuilding in the village of Dedinovo. The first Russian warship of the European Orel type was built."

1667 -- 1671 Peasant war under the leadership of Stepan Razin and the defeat of the rebels. Execution of Stepan Razin in Moscow on May 27 (June 6).

1682 Destruction of localism in Russia. On April 17 (27), Tsar Fyodor Alekseyevich dies without naming an heir. The patriarch and the boyars decide to proclaim Peter, the son of Alexey Mikhailovich from his second wife Natalia Naryshkina, tsar, removing his half-brother Ivan. The confrontation between the Naryshkins and the Miloslavskys. Elder sister Sophia, using the discontent of the Streltsy, deals with many Naryshkins. Both brothers are proclaimed kings, and Sophia becomes their ruler.

1689 The overthrow of Peter Alekseevich Sophia, who was plotting a palace coup.

1690 On the basis of funny" regiments " Peter creates two Guards regiments - Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky.

1695-1696 The Azov campaigns of Peter I and the capture of the Turkish fortress.

1693-1696 Laying of shipyards in Arkhangelsk and Voronezh. Decree of the tsar on the establishment of an arms factory in Tobolsk. On October 20 (30), 1696, the Boyar Duma, at the insistence of Peter I, issued a "verdict" in which it decided:? sea vessels to be . The beginning of the creation of the Russian Navy.

1697-1698 " The Great Embassy is sent to Western Europe, actually headed by Peter I. The tsar visited Courland, Holland, England and Austria.

1698 Streletsky riot in Russia. The advance of the Streltsy regiments to Moscow was stopped by Voivode Shein and General Gordon. Disbandment of the Streltsy army.

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