G. V. LUKYANOV

National Research University "Higher School of Economics"

S. A. RAGOZINA

Russian State University for the Humanities

Keywords: conference, Oriental studies, African studies, power, violence, Asia, Africa, East

In May 2016, the National Research University Higher School of Economics in Moscow hosted the Second scientific conference "Power and Violence in Non-Western Societies", dedicated to an interdisciplinary study of a wide range of issues related to the socio-political, economic, cultural and historical development of societies in Asia and Africa.

The conference continued the work started in March 2015 at the First Conference "Power and Violence in Non-Western Societies: problems of theoretical understanding and experience of practical study". The second conference was organized with the support of the Department of Oriental History of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Center for Civilizational and Regional Studies of the IAfr RAS, the Center for African Studies of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Research and Training Laboratory for Monitoring the Risks of Socio-Political Destabilization of the Higher School of Economics, the Moscow International Academy (MMA) and the Moscow State Educational Complex.

Scientific periodicals such as "Asia and Africa Today" and " Vostok. Afro-Asian Societies", "State, Religion, Church in Russia and abroad", as well as the Foundation for Support and Development of Scientific and Cultural Programs named after him. Shihabutdin Marjani (Marjani Foundation). The conference participants were presented with the first two issues of the Arabic-language version of the magazine "Asia and Africa Today" ("Asiya wa Ifriqiya al-yaum"), published in Cairo by the publishing house "Dar anba Rusia". During the two days of the conference, 48 sessions were held within the framework of 11 thematic sections, where more than 200 reports were heard and discussed, and two "round tables" on topical issues of research on power and violence in non-Western societies.

The section "Experience of theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of power and violence in non-Western societies" held 4 thematic sessions devoted to conceptualizing the phenomena of power and violence in non-Western societies, studying the experience of their theoretical understanding, and considering the essence and nature of the modern state in the non-Western world.

Reports by A. L. Ryabinin, Doctor of Historical Sciences (HSE/IV RAS) "Some features of the power structure of Eastern Polities", L. B. Alaev, Doctor of Historical Sciences (IV RAS) " The role of laws and customs in Regulating Eastern Societies (on the example of Ancient and Medieval India)", V. V. Bocharov, Doctor of Historical Sciences (St. Petersburg State University"The East: Charismatic Leadership and Social Solidarity (anthropological aspect)" served as a starting point for a long scientific discussion.

Presentations by Doctor of Historical Sciences E. B. Rashkovsky (Rudomino All-Russian State Library of Fine Arts) on the Asian method of production in historiography and Candidate of Historical Sciences I. N. Korovchinsky (Moscow State Regional University) " Modern Russian Oriental Studies and the Ancient world: a response of an ancient scholar to some theoretical propositions of the two "Histories of the East"" actualized interdisciplinary interaction in the study of Oriental studies. A. I. Lukyanov (MSU) and Ph. D. Popov (Institute of Geographical Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences) translated the discussion into the field of modern problems of statehood in the countries of the East, raising the problems of federalism and secessionism, respectively.

The section "Power and Violence in Non-Western Societies in Ancient and Middle Ages" combined works on history and archeology. The object of the speakers ' study was ancient and ancient languages.

medieval societies of Eurasia, China, South and Central America. Sessions on ancient and medieval societies of Central and Lesser Asia were of particular interest.

The largest section in terms of the number of speakers was "Power and violence in Muslim societies of the Near and Middle East in Modern and Contemporary times". Two sessions were devoted to the Ottoman period in the history of the region. In the speeches of Ph. D. A. A. Kudelin (RUDN University) and Ph. D. E. A. Prusskaya (IVI RAS), the experience of organizing power and violence in Egypt under the auspices of the Mamluks, Ottomans and French in the XVI-XVIII centuries was studied.

Individual sessions turned into platforms for detailed discussion of the problems of political culture and the organization of power institutions in modern Turkey and Iran. Candidate of Historical Sciences P. V. Shlykov (ISAA MSU) made a report on the culture of social protest in Turkey.

A thorough discussion focused on the presentations "Jihad, Violence, and Traditions of Islamic Ethics" by Dr. V. V. Orlov (ISAA MSU) and" The Concept of" Revolt against the ruler "in Islam: A Salafist View" by Dr. I. I. Tsaregorodtseva (HSE). at the session "Categories of Power and Violence in discussions on Political Islam and Islamism". The discussion was continued at the session "Islam and Islamism in the modern Information society", where the key speakers were S. A. Ragozina (RSUH) and V. D. Koryagin (<url>).

The topic of a separate "round table" led by PhD N. A. Zherlitsyna (IAfr RAS) was the "new" political reality in the Middle East and North Africa, viewed through the prism of Russia's interests and opportunities in the region. A special guest was the Head of the Department of History of the Middle East at the Faculty of Oriental Studies of St. Petersburg State University, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor N. N. Dyakov, who delivered a plenary report "Muhammad V ben Yusuf (1927-1961): from protectorate to political sovereignty", dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the independence of the Kingdom of Morocco.

The section on the Middle East and North Africa presented the reports of Ph. D. V. V. Akhmedov (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) " Power, army, Islam in the Arab countries (the Syrian experience)"; Ph. D. N. A. Berenkova (Lobachevsky UNN) "The Lebanese State and the consequences of the Syrian crisis" PhD D. R. Zhantieva "The situation of power elites in Syria and Iraq in the context of the military-political conflict"; G. V. Lukyanova "Activities of the organization" Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant " in Libya (2014-2016)".

The section "On Power and Violence in the Societies of Central Asia and the Caucasus" covered a broad historical framework: from the annexation of these regions to Russia and up to the beginning of the XXI century inclusive. Reports of researchers from Russian and foreign institutes and universities, including the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, the Institute of History and Cultural Heritage of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, etc. were discussed.

The section "Power and Violence in South Asian Societies" examined in detail the organization and interpretation of both power and violence in the South Asian region, mainly in India and Pakistan. Various aspects of social development, structures and features of functioning of social and political institutions are considered. Candidate of Historical Sciences N. A. Zamaraeva (IB RAS) and Candidate of Psychological Sciences R. E. Prokhorov (IB RAS) conducted, in relation to Pakistan, a detailed analysis of the specifics of the political decision-making process and the formation of the state's foreign policy.

In the section "Power and Violence in the societies of Southeast Asia and Oceania", the main countries to which the participants devoted their reports were Indonesia (Doctor of Historical Sciences A. Yu. Drugov - IB RAS, Doctor of Historical Sciences M. V. Kirchanov-Voronezh State University, A. S. Abramova-ISAA MSU), Vietnam (A. I. Volynsky - IE RAS, A. K. Leonov-MMA) and Thailand (Ph. D. E. A. Fomicheva-IV RAS). The problems of mutual influence of power and violence in the context of conflicts in traditional and modern societies were discussed.

The theme "Power and Violence in East Asian Societies" brought together 7 sessions of the eponymous section, which was opened by the Sinologist O. E. Nepomnin, Doctor of Historical Sciences (IB RAS). Japanese artists-Doctor of Historical Sciences N. F. Leshchenko (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) with a speech on the theme " Tokugawa House in the Meiji period. Taisho and Seva "and Ph. D. S. A. Polkhov (Institute of Historical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences) with the report "Ideas about laws and justice in Japan in the Sengoku era" - presented comprehensive studies of the political and legal aspects of the consolidation of power in Japan over several historical epochs. The reports of M. S. Kruglova (IE RAS) on Catholic missions in the Qing Empire and E. A. Bazanova (RUDN University) on the transformation of Islam in modern China were devoted to the problems of the relationship between power and religion in China.

The sessions "Power and Violence in the Political Culture of Modern China" and "Power and Violence in Japan and China in the First Half of the 20th Century" presented reports and reports on Japanese policy in the occupied territories of China during the Second World War and in the historical period preceding it. The problems of power through the prism of the economy and international relations in East Asia were considered at the session led by Ms Kruglova, where you will discuss the following issues:-

Ph. D. students E. I. Grachikov (MSU), M. O. Demina (HSE), etc.

The special session "Issues of Organizing and Interpreting Power in Korea" brought together speakers from RSUH - N. A. Chesnokov, HSE - Ph. D. Zh. G. Song, IDV RAS - R. N. Lobov, MSU - I. Y. Matsol. Speakers from other sections also participated, which significantly expanded the discussion on the place and role of violence in the historical memory of Koreans in the Republic of Korea and the DPRK.

The results of the section were summed up at the final session of the session "Political system, political regimes and the functioning of power in East Asian societies".

The section "Power and Violence in Africa" was headed by Doctor of Historical Sciences I. V. Sledzevsky and Doctor of Historical Sciences A. D. Savateev (both IAfr RAS). Dr. A. D. Savateev and Dr. V. G. Shubin (IAfr RAS) delivered plenary reports on Islam and violence in Africa and the role of violence in the national liberation war. Participants discussed new challenges and prospects in Africa in the context of globalization and the politics of world power centers, in particular the PRC (Doctor of Historical Sciences T. L. Deitch-IAfr RAS) and the EU (Candidate of Historical Sciences O. S. Kulkova - IAfr RAS).

The work of the African section was completed by the session "Armed Conflicts in Africa: origins and ways to overcome", chaired by PhD G. M. Sidorova (Moscow State Linguistic University), who also made a report "The role of Russia in the UN Security Council for the Prevention of Armed Conflicts". A contribution to the discussion was made by:Political scientist S. V. Kostelyanets (IAfr RAS), who spoke on the topic "8 years of UNAMID: successes and failures", and Valens Maniragena (St. Petersburg State University), who made a presentation on "Unresolved conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa. Causes and consequences". This section was the second at the conference in terms of the number of reports and presentations.

In addition to the sections devoted to the study of problems of power and violence in societies in geographical regions united by common cultural, religious, and civilizational features, the conference included a number of sections organized according to the problem principle.

At the sessions of the section "Ethnic, confessional and gender inequalities in non-Western societies", researchers analyzed the experience of representation and consolidation of minorities, state policy towards them in the Near and Middle East, as well as the problems of power and violence in gender studies of non-Western societies.

Violence against the Christian minority in the Middle East was the subject of research presented by the guest of the conference - Ph. D. E. F. Sukhova (Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod). The discussion revolved around the interpretation of the principles of the state policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in relation to ethno-confessional and national minorities, considered in the report of Ph. D. M. S. Kameneva "Ethno-confessional problems of Iran in the context of official policy (on the example of the situation of the Bahai and the Jewish community)" and in the report of Ph. D. L. M. Ravandi-Fadai (IB RAS) "Iran's policy towards national minorities: dialogue or power".

Gender studies were presented with reports and reports on the role of women in Arab, Israeli (Ph. D. I. V. Masyukova - IV RAS) and Afghan (Ph. D. Ishbuldina - MGIMO (U)) societies. The following young orientalists presented their research papers: D. V. Ilyutochkina of the Moscow State University Institute of Oriental Studies and N. I. Morozova of the Higher School of Economics.

Under the leadership of Doctor of Historical Sciences T. M. Gavristova (Yaroslavl State University named after P. G. Demidov), the section "Problems of reflecting power and violence in the literature of non-Western societies" was held. The main focus of the speakers was on discussing various subjects of power and violence in African, Indian, and Pakistani literature.

The participants of the section "Migration processes in the modern world, as well as the experience of migration exchange between the West and Non-West in the XX and XXI centuries" were attracted by the processes that unfolded due to demographic and socio-economic transformations in Asia, Africa and Europe, as a result of military and political crises in the Middle East (Syria and Iraq) and in North Africa (Libya) and Asia at the turn of the millennium. Key speakers were Yu. I. Ilina (ISAA MSU), PhD G. A. Karpov (IAfr RAS), V. Stegailo (Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry).

At the closing of the conference, representatives of the organizing committee and the scientific council of the regular scientific conference "Power and Violence in Non-Western Societies"made speeches. The section leaders summed up the results, outlined promising areas of work for the next year, and also noted the work of volunteers and conference partners.

The conference presented a collection of about 70 reports made at the conference of the same name in March 2015.* Following the results of the II scientific Conference, it is also planned to publish reports of its participants and materials of breakout sessions.

Power and Violence in Non-Western Societies: problems of theoretical understanding and experience of practical study: a collection of articles / edited by G. V. Lukyanov, A. L. Ryabinin, S. A. Ragozina, I. A. Artemyev, V. O. Belevtsova, Moscow State Educational Complex Publishing House, 2016.

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